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Tupolev Tu-126
The Tupolev Tu-126 (NATO reporting name: Moss) was an Airborne early warning and control aircraft developed from the Tupolev Tu-114 airliner by the Tupolev design bureau. It was in service with the armed forces of the Soviet Union from 1965 to 1984.
==Design and development==
In 1958 increasing concern over the threat of an American nuclear strike against the USSR from the north led to a new requirement for an airborne radar system, which would avoid the problems and expenses of attempting to create a land-based radar system to cover all of the enormous Soviet northern coast. The Tupolev Design Bureau was ordered to design an AEW&C aircraft. After trying to fit the projected radar instrumentation in a Tu-95 and a Tu-116, a decision was made to use the Tupolev Tu-114 with its wider fuselage instead. This solved problems with cooling and operator space that existed with the narrower Tu-95 and Tu-116 designs. To adhere to the flight range requirements, the plane was fitted with an air-to-air refuelling probe. The Tu-126 had a crew of 12 and carried the ''Liana'' radar (NATO reporting name ''Flat Jack'') in a rotodome mounted above the fuselage. It had no look-down capability, so the switch by NATO to low level penetration made it fairly irrelevant.〔http://aerospace.boopidoo.com/philez/Su-15TM%20PICTURES%20&%20DOCS/Overscan%27s%20guide%20to%20Russian%20Military%20Avionics.htm〕
The first prototype Tu-126 flew on 23 January 1962.〔Duffy and Kandalov 1996, p. 136.〕 Testing, which continued through the autumn of 1964, showed that while the radar was effective over water, performance was poorer over land.〔 It was also found that the large contra-rotating propellers of the four engines seriously compromised the performance of the radar. This problem was only marginally countered by the installation of a new radar called ''Shmel''.〔( "Beriev A-50 Mainstay." ) ''Spyflight.co.uk.'' Retrieved: 27 October 2011.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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